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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Zidovudine for the Prevention of HIV Transmission
Zidovudine for the Prevention of HIV Transmission Presentation Zidovudine is an antiretroviral sedate which is a nucleoside switch transcriptase inhibitor; it is utilized as treatment with other antiretroviral drugs against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Moreover, zidovudine can be used as a methods for diminishing the danger of move of HIV from a pregnant lady to her kid. Moreover, zidovudine is utilized in post presentation prophylaxis so as to bring down the opportunity of being contaminated with HIV in individuals who have been presented to the infection. (AHFS Drug Information, n.d.). Name Of Drug, Structure, Formula and Functional Groups Zidovudine is otherwise called azidothymidine and, to put it plainly, AZT (Joint Formulary Committee, 2010). The sub-atomic equation of the compound is C10H13N5O4 (The Merck Index, n.d.) and zidovudine has a sub-atomic load of 267.25, as determined utilizing the ISIS ChemDraw bundle (Cambridge Soft, n.d.). Breaking down the compound shows that zidovudine is comprised of a thymine bunch clung to a 2,3-dideoxyribose bunch with a connected azide gathering. In this way the deliberate name of zidovudine is 3â⬠²-azido-2, 3â⬠²-dideoxythymidine (The Merck Index, n.d.), as the oxygen of the hydroxyl bunch on the 3 carbon of the ribose ring has been evacuated, giving 3-deoxyribose, and has been supplanted with an azide gathering and the oxygen on the 2 carbon has additionally been expelled. The azide bunch on the ribose ring is the motivation behind why zidovudine goes about as a nucleoside invert transcriptase inhibitor (AHFS Drug Information, n.d.). With the end goal for zidovudine to do its job, it must be phosphorylated by a protein called thymidine kinase; this is because of the way that converse transcriptase incorporates the triphosphates delivered into the HIV DNA chain being framed during HIV replication. Thus, after the triphosphate has been incorporated, 5, 3-phosphodiester holding in the DNA chain is beyond the realm of imagination, as a result of azide bunch in the triphosphate, and in this manner DNA development can't proceed (Foye et al, 2008). Details and Packaging The nonexclusive type of zidovudine is accessible as hard cases (Electronic Medicines Compendium, n.d.) in two qualities of 100mg and 250mg (Joint Formulary Committee, 2010). The two qualities are bundled in foil rankle packs and plastic containers and should be kept in these; they have an expiry date of 2 years from the date of production (Electronic Medicines Compendium, n.d.). Zidovudine is likewise accessible under the brand name of Retrovirâ ® as cases, oral arrangement and infusion arrangement (Joint Formulary Committee, 2010). The entirety of the Retrovirâ ® plans should be kept underneath 30 degrees and in their unique external boxes (Electronic Medicines Compendium, n.d.). The containers are hard cases (Electronic Medicines Compendium, n.d.) in qualities of 100mg and 250mg (Joint Formulary Committee, 2010); they have an expiry date of five years from the date of production and are bundled in a rankle pack or a jug (Electronic Medicines Compendium, n.d.). The oral arrangement comprises of a 50mg in 5ml portion (Joint Formulary Committee, 2010) and is bundled in a golden container made of glass. The oral arrangement has an expiry date of two years from the date of production yet ought to be discarded after the jug has been opened for one month (Electronic Medicines Compendium, n.d.). The infusion arrangement is accessible in the portion of 10mg per 1ml and is utilized for intravenous implantation (Joint Formulary Committee, 2010). It is bundled in a glass vial which is golden or clear in shading. The arrangement has an expiry date of three years after the date of assembling in any case, when opened, it must be utilized immediately and any residual arrangement discarded (Electronic Medicines Compendium, n.d.). As indicated by Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (n.d.), all the definitions of zidovudine should be protected from wellsprings of light and should be kept in sealed shut compartments. Stereochemistry and Conformation As featured in the graph drawn utilizing ISIS ChemDraw (Cambridge Soft, n.d.), zidovudine has a sum of three chiral focuses and subsequently zidovudine has eight potential stereoisomers. The 1 carbon of the ribose ring is of the R arrangement though the 3 and 4 carbons are of the S setup (Novak et al, 2003). Zidovudine has a particular optical turn estimation of +99â ° in water (Merck, n.d.) and thus pivots the plane of spellbound light clockwise; subsequently zidovudine is optically dynamic (Freeman, 2010). Combination Zidovudine was made by Jerome Horwitz in 1964 (Weeks et al, 2010). It tends to be shaped from thymidine, be that as it may, this is an exorbitant strategy and along these lines a more financially savvy procedure is utilized to make zidovudine for an enormous scope by utilizing D-Mannitol as the beginning compound (Saunders, 2000). The procedure has been drawn underneath utilizing ISIS ChemDraw (Cambridge Soft, n.d.) regarding Top Drugs (2000). In the main stage, a subordinate of D-glyceraldehyde is framed from D-mannitol utilizing CH3)2CO and a wellspring of protons and refluxing. Lead (IV) acetic acid derivation is then included. In the second stage a Wittig response is done and PH3P=CHCO2Et and methanol are included. In the third step hydrochloric corrosive is included, creating a lactone. In the fourth stage the lactone is ensured and the azide bunch is included through a Michael expansion response. The reagents used to ensure the lactone are t-Bu(Me)2SiCl, imidazole and dimethylformamide. The reagents for the Michael expansion response are lithium azide, tetrahydrofuran, acidic corrosive and water. In the fifth stage the lactone is diminished to a lactol at short 78 degrees utilizing Diisobutylaluminium hydride and dichloromethane. The hydroxyl bunch is actuated to frame a sugar middle utilizing acidic anhydride and pyridine. In the 6th step, Vorbruggen conditions are received and a buildup response is performed with t he sugar middle of the road and silylated thymine which produces alpha and beta anomers. The reagents are di-trimethylsilyl-thymine, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and EDC. In the seventh step, the silyl ensuring bunch is taken off and the anomers are uncombined to acquire zidovudine. The reagents utilized in this progression are n-Bu4N+F-and tetrahydrofuran (Saunders, 2000). Medication security: Potential destinations of compound flimsiness and digestion Zidovudine deteriorates enormously within the sight of light as a result of the azide gathering and the item framed from the breakdown is thymine. This is on the grounds that two nitrogen particles are expelled from the azide gathering, framing nitrene. An addition response happens and aziridine is made. Water, as a nucleophile, assaults aziridine. The amide anion shaped causes the thymine gathering to be nucleophilically dislodged and thus thymine is delivered as the corruption item (Dunge et al, 2004). Thusly as zidovudine is for the most part influenced by light it is informed that the different details with respect to zidovudine are avoided light sources (British Pharmacopeia, 2010). Zidovudine has a bioavailability of 63%. This is because of the way that zidovudine experiences glucuronidation, giving zidovudine glucuronide which is more water dissolvable than zidovudine because of a sugar bunch being included, and is renally discharged (Burton et al, 2006). UDP-glucuronyl transferease is the catalyst which catalyzes the response (Veal et al, 1995). Zidovudine can likewise be changed over to 3-amino-3-deoxythymidine because of the azide bunch being decreased (Veal et al, 1995); 3-amino-3-deoxythymidine can influence the activity of zidovudine against HIV and is perhaps harmful (Burton et al, 2006). Lipinskis Rules For Orally Active Drugs As per Clarkes Analysis Of Drugs And Poisons (n.d.) the Log P estimation of Zidovudine is 0.05 and the atomic weight is 267.25 as determined on ISIS ChemDraw (Cambridge Soft, n.d.). Zidovudine has an aggregate of two hydrogen bond contributor locales and a sum of nine hydrogen bond acceptor destinations (Lipinski et al, 1997). Therefore, zidovudine observes Lipinskis Rules of Five as it has a sub-atomic load of under 500, a Log P estimation of under 5, there are under five hydrogen bond contributor locales and there are under ten hydrogen bond acceptor destinations (Lipinski et al, 1997). As the Log P estimation of zidovudine is 0.05 (Clarkes Analysis Of Drugs And Poisons, n.d.) it tends to be seen that the medication is somewhat polar. Zidovudine contains sweet-smelling and enormous aliphatic districts which are hydrophobic; the polar character emerges from the hydroxyl gathering, an amide locale, an ether connection and azide gathering, which are on the whole hydrophilic areas. In this way as there is a slight lopsidedness of increasingly hydrophilic gatherings to hydrophobic gatherings, zidovudine is marginally hydrophilic and somewhat polar and consequently is water solvent and has less fondness to cross the lipid layers (Bichenkova, 2010). pKa and Ionization State At pH 2, 7.4 and 10 and Solubility As indicated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (n.d.), the pKa estimation of Zidovudine is 9.68 and henceforth it is feebly acidic. Utilizing the condition for the level of ionization, which has been gotten from the Henderson-Hasselbalch condition, I am ready to figure the rate measure of ionization of zidovudine at different pH esteems. The condition utilized comprises of: % ionization of a corrosive = 100/1 + antilog(pKa pH) (Freeman, 2010). At pH2, the condition will peruse % ionization = 100/1 + antilog (9.68 2). This gives the worth 2.0910^-6 %. Subsequently it tends to be seen that in the stomach just an extremely modest quantity of zidovudine will be ionized and for the most part it will be to a great extent unionized. The level of zidovudine unionized at pH2 is 99.99% and subsequently as zidovudine is exceptionally unionized at pH 2, it will be ingested from the stomach. At pH2 2.0910^-6% of zidovudine is ionized as the azide gathering can be protonated (Chemicalize, n.d.). At pH 7.4 the computation gives an estimation of 0.52%. Thus in the circulation system zidovudine will be to a great extent unionized as the level of zidovudine that is unionized in the circulatory system is 9
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Business ethics dilemma that you have faced, either as an employee or Essay
Business morals predicament that you have confronted, either as a worker or a director - Essay Example In late August two years prior, I saw an issue with the way Kevin took care of different workers in our specialty. I saw that he was being savage to them like giving them a lot of work notwithstanding the hecticness of their calendars and more terrible, with no additional pay. The quantity of representatives whining about Kevinââ¬â¢s brutal arrangements was expanding to the point that they were all voicing out to me what they trust I ought to do. Everybody of them was disclosing to me that I should report Kevin to the higher bosses of the organization, and they accepted that it would prompt my advancement as the following supervisor. Word has arrived at the CEO that something was turning out badly in the division in spite of the fact that Kevin prevented all from securing these claims. Nonetheless, since the CEO didn't totally purchase what Kevin had said. He required a shut entryway meeting between different representatives who were some way or another inferring oppressed status just as me, being second in line for the situation of administrator. At the point when the CEO and his right hand entered, they helped us to remember two things â⬠our devotion to them, in this manner suggesting that they anticipate the honesty of our declarations, and the direness of the circumstance, since a few workers have been voicing out their complaints over web based life. Besides, they underlined the way that the motivation behind the gathering was to decide reality and to decide the correct measures to moderate or take out the issue. Nonetheless, what happened was that the CEO saw that everything appeared to be reluctant to state anything during the shut entryway meeting. Therefore, the representative gave a report to be composed by me inside 24 hours. I was in this manner left with three decisions. The first was to come clean about the issue while simultaneously taking a chance with my companionship with Kevin and taking a chance with my own notoriety too since he would along these lines uncover to the CEO my past crimes. The subsequent option was to prevent the claims from securing different workers, therefore taking a chance with my fame among them and
Sunday, August 16, 2020
The Hidden Secrets of How to Write an Informative Essay
The Hidden Secrets of How to Write an Informative Essay Informative essays, it is the most common form of the writing which is written in the colleges. In addition to this, writing an informative essay is comparatively easy, a number of the times that scholars find it hard to write. Frequently, students end up getting a fail or average grades. Lets uncover the secrets on how to write an informative essay. Outline of Informative essay Summary Outline of Informative essayStructure of Informative essayIntroductionThesis StatementBody paragraphConclusionIn what way to start an informative essay?Body paragraphsExactly how to end an informative essay?The Good informative essay TopicsIdeas for the Informative essayConclusion Outline of the essay is a vital part. The purpose of an essay outline is to begin the information as clearly as possible, and the reader must get as close as possible to the subject. The outline of the essay is constructed step by step as well as no need to add ample of information. Now we give you an outline example; it is straightforward as compare to another outline of the essay along with not hard. Structure of Informative essay Introduction In this part, you can catch your students. Thus they wont stop later the first section. Try to make it curious from the beginning and first sentence. Besides this, you know how to use several questions to incite an argument and include the reader to have extra concerns. Thesis Statement A thesis statement is one sentence that states the first idea of an essay, for example, an argumentative essay or expository essay. It makes a claim, straight replying a question. Body paragraph This section should be added to 2-3 long paragraphs. Along with it, you will have to notify your reader related to the thesis statement. Besides this, a body paragraph, it is a set of linked sentences associated with the particular idea or topic responsively linking to the thesis. Since essays are collections of various paragraphs of the corporate structure, it is one of the most critical aspects of creating a well-organized essay. Conclusion It is the last part of an informative essay, so you have to rewrite the thesis statement of your informative essay in a changing method. Create a summary of the clarifications of your essay. The part of the conclusion has to be definite in a single paragraph. And, the phrase, in conclusion, means finally, to sum up, and is used to familiarize several final comments at the end of an essay. In what way to start an informative essay? The easiest and best way to start an informative essay is to ask the reader about the details that you recommend in the next paragraphs.; therefore that he wont stop on your introduction of an informative essay. You will have a blessing chance to acquire the winning grade later turning in your essay. Besides this, it is continuously good for GPA. Dont forget to build a concise, informative essay on brief documents, so that your links can be easily read. Body paragraphs In the above explanation, it is all the reasons that make the thesis expressive. In an informative essay, the body paragraph should be included in a logical order. Exactly how to end an informative essay? It is the last and hardest part of an informative essay, later constructing the thesis statement. As a result, in what way to conclude an informative essay, it is the most often asked question. Nevertheless, you always be able to find a solution, right? The conclusion of the informative essay is only answers to the things that may be lacking after the passages. Rewrite all of your thesis statements and connect them. It doesnt sound too complicated. The Good informative essay Topics Undoubtedly, an outline is the most significant; on the other hand, and it is not the same from the outline for any other essay. Besides this, one of the hardest things is to discover the best topic, whom you can open as well as it must first be exciting to you because you can make the reader interested in the subject if you are interested Ideas for the Informative essay There are lots of examples of informative essay writing Global warmingCauses for tornadoThanksgiving historyCauses for tornadoGap year Conclusion Now you have seen how to write an informative essay. The writing of the essay is an essential part of the life of a student. Because of it an excellent idea for a homework project, the professors love to give it. It promotes the growth of skills assessment, critical thinking, and contemporary training. Get the best essay writing help from the experts at nominal charges.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
In Cold Blood, the American Dream and Loss of Innocence
Hey, you, dearest reader, searching for an essay to write. Id just like some love, just some respect, you know nothing big, other than a thank you, thats all. So when you finish writing, just remember thanks mysterious keyboard writer, you saved my ass. With out further a due, my essay: The American Dream In the non-fiction novel In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, four horrific murders shock the small, innocent town of Holcomb, Kansas, the murders all occur on one night killing an entire family. Before the killings, the town felt like a family. The citizens of Holcomb were seen as good people, innocent and free of worry. However, after the Clutter murders take place, a community that seems so tightly knit quickly dissipates. The murderâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Herb Clutter has risen from modest beginnings to becoming a ranch owner with a comfortable lifestyle. He encapsulates the concept of the self-made man, which is a central theme in the American dream.â⬠Herb Clutter shows that the aspiration of becoming a self-made man can fall apart at any moment. The murder of the Clutter family serves as physical proof that in our society, a utopia does not exist. Every citizen in Holcomb wants success. In fact, Mr. Clutter surrounds himself with many other people who want to succeed. For instance, the Ashidas, a Japanese immigrant family, work tirelessly to gain respect from the citizens of Holcomb. Mrs. Ashida involves herself with the Four H club, Mr. Ashida aspires to own his own farm. Their children work hard in school and feel proud of their parents. The first time we see Mrs. Ashida assert her pursuit of the American Dream is when she mentions to Mr. Clutter a gift she plans to buy for her husband: two new gold fillings. Mr. Clutter and Mrs. Ashida then proceed to discuss how her family wants something better. ââ¬Å"The farm here, the people weââ¬â¢re working for ââ¬â Hideo thinks we could do better,â⬠(22). Human beings never find themselves completely content. As humans we feel a notion to go gather more and more for ourselves, an intense desire for success. This desire has formed over time, becoming ingrained, when a prehistoric man needs to gather more food for his family so theyShow MoreRelatedThe Shack, a Discussion of Symbolism1504 Words à |à 7 Pagesof his being to where his entire world is impacted by its presence.à It haunts his dreams, and leaves him in a state of almost perpetual fatigue and anguish.à It can be argued that this state was brought on solely because of his daughterââ¬â¢s disappearance; however that may just be one of the factors contributing to the ââ¬Å"Great Sadnessâ⬠. 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By December the two outer bed-rooms were closed off, and used to chill bottles of milk and cream, cold borscht, and jellied calves feet. Paragraph Two: 1. The kitchen held our lives together. 2. My mother worked in it. She worked all day long. We ate almost all meals in it. We did not have the Passover seder inRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words à |à 53 Pageschoose for themselves. This gap between childrens and adults attitudes toward childrens literature is often revealed in the difference between the top-selling childrens books, which are frequently series books, and the books chosen annually by the American Library Association as the outstanding picture book (winner of the Caldecott Medal) and the outstanding book of prose (winner of the Newbery Medal). Despite the problems defining ââ¬Å"childrenââ¬â¢s literature,â⬠we can identify two recurring themes in tracing
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Biography of Mary Anderson, Windshield Wiper Inventor
Mary Anderson (February 19, 1866ââ¬âJune 27, 1953) was hardly a likely candidate to invent the windshield wiperââ¬âespecially considering she filed her patent before Henry Ford even started manufacturing cars.à Unfortunately, Anderson failed to reap financial benefits from her invention during her lifetime, and as a result shes been relegated to a footnote in the history of automobiles. Fast Facts: Mary Anderson Known For: Inventing the windshield wiper, before a single one of Henry Fords automobiles was madeBorn: February 19, 1866 on Burton Hill Plantation, Greene County, AlabamaParents: John C. and Rebecca AndersonDied: June 27, 1953 in Monteagle, TennesseeEducation: UnknownSpouse(s): NoneChildren: None. Early Life Mary Anderson was born on February 19, 1866, to John C. and Rebecca Anderson on Burton Hill Plantation in Greene County, Alabama. She was one of at least two daughters; the other was Fannie, who remained close to Mary all her life. Their father died in 1870, and the young family was able to live on the proceeds of Johns estate. In 1889, Rebecca and her two daughters moved to Birmingham and built the Fairmont Apartments on Highland Avenue soon after their arrival. In 1893, Mary left home to operate a cattle ranch and vineyard in Fresno, California but returned in 1898 to help care for an ailing aunt. She and her aunt moved into the Fairmont Apartments with her mother, her sister Fannie, and Fannies husband G.P. Thornton. Andersons aunt brought an enormous trunk with her, which when opened contained a collection of gold and jewelry that allowed her family to live comfortably from that point forward. In the thick of winter in 1903, Anderson took some of that inheritance from her aunt and, eager to make exciting use of the money, took a trip to New York City. The Window Cleaning Device It was during this trip that inspiration struck. While riding a streetcar during a particularly snowy day, Anderson observed the agitated and uncomfortable behavior of the vehicleââ¬â¢s cold driver, who had to rely on all sorts of tricksââ¬âsticking his head out of the window, stopping the vehicle to clean the windshieldââ¬âto see where he was driving. Following the trip, Anderson returned to Alabama and, in response to the problem she witnessed, drew up a practical solution: a design for a windshield blade that would connect itself to the interior of the car, allowing the driver to operate the windshield wiper from inside the vehicle. She filed an application for a patent on June 18, 1903. For her ââ¬Å"window cleaning device for electric cars and other vehicles to remove snow, ice, or sleet from the window,â⬠on November 10, 1903, Anderson was awarded U.S. Patent No. 743,801. However, Anderson was unable to get anyone to bite on her idea. All the corporations she approachedââ¬âincluding a manufacturing firm in Canadaââ¬âturned her wiper down, out of a perceived lack of demand. Discouraged, Anderson stopped pushing the product, and, after the contracted 17 years, her patent expired in 1920. By this time, the prevalence of automobiles (and, therefore, the demand for windshield wipers) had skyrocketed. But Anderson removed herself from the fold, allowing corporations and other business-people access to her original conception. Death and Legacy Although little is known about Mary Anderson, by the 1920s, her brother-in-law had died, and Mary, her sister Fannie, and their mother were again living in the Fairmont Apartments in Birmingham. Mary was managing the building where they lived when she died at their summer home in Monteagle, Tennessee on June 27, 1953. Mary Anderson was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2011. The windshield wiper, May Andersons legacy, was adapted for automotive use, and in 1922, Cadillac began installing the wiper as a piece of standard equipment on its cars. Sources Windshield Wiper Inventor, Miss Mary Anderson, Dies. Birmingham Post-Herald, June 29, 1953.à Carey Jr., Charles W. Anderson, Mary (1866ââ¬â1953), inventory of the windshield wiper. American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries. New York: Facts on File, 2002.Mary Anderson: Windshield Wiper. National Inventors Hall of Fame.à Olive, J. Fred. Mary Anderson. Encyclopedia of Alabama, Business and Industry, February 21, 2019.à Palca, Joe. Alabama Woman Stuck in NYC Traffic in 1902 Invented the Windshield Wiper. National Public Radio, July 25, 2017.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
President Rodrigo Duterte Inauguration Speech Free Essays
ââ¬Å"I am here because I love my country and I love the people of the Philippines. I am here, why? Because I am ready to start my work for the nation.â⬠ââ¬â 16th President of the Philippines, former Mayor of Davao City, Rodrigo Roa Duterte took his oath on June 30 of year 2016 at Malacaà ±angââ¬â¢s Rizal Hall before the guests and on national TV. We will write a custom essay sample on President Rodrigo Duterte Inauguration Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Duterteââ¬â¢s inaugural speech ran only for about 15 minutes and comprises of only 1,335 words. It was considered as one of the shortest in the list of inaugural speeches made by former Philippine presidents. In his speech he emphasized the importance of cooperation of the people heââ¬â¢s being task to serve. It is by doing their part in achieving the nationââ¬â¢s success. He also highlighted his firm fight against criminality, drugs and corruption which he believed as the main causes of the nationââ¬â¢s lack of progress to poverty. Moreover he also emphasized about the Erosion of faith and trust of the people in the government by having no faith from the countryââ¬â¢s leaders, judiciary system and the capacity of public servants in making their lives better. For him, he was elected to the presidency to serve the entire country and was not elected only to serve the interests of any person. President Rodrigo Duterteââ¬â¢s speech was impressive. He was able to deliver it effectively. He well expressed his thoughts, concepts and plans and emphasized the main points of his speech which is the goal of real change towards achieving the countryââ¬â¢s success. I like it on how he empowered his speech with the use of lot of effective quotations from different reliable sources. Some of these quotations are from the former Presidents of America like Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln and also from our National Artist for Literature Francisco Sionil Jose. These quotations he had mentioned were relevant in supporting his statements. But what I like the most in his speech is that he delivered it not just effectively but also with humor, which he never failed to do in every speech that it catches everyoneââ¬â¢s attention to listen. On the other hand, he could have delivered his speech in tagalog for the reason that not all of the people in the Philippines were able to speak and understand the English language particularly the people in rural areas. How to cite President Rodrigo Duterte Inauguration Speech, Papers
Monday, May 4, 2020
Grace And Sin Essay Example For Students
Grace And Sin Essay Final EssaysJoe PadykulaSister SundermanTH 100 BDecember 14, 2000GraceIn order to completely understand the theology of graceyou have to take a look at Augustine, Aquinas, Luther,Rahner, Segundo, and Boff, and how they understood whatgrace was. Their theories on grace have some valid pointsand yet they also have some invalid points. Augustine took a personal approach to grace and hebelieved in the massa damnata, which basically means that onthe whole people are damned. He said before the originalsin, you had a choice to be good or evil. Also, Augustinesaid that there is a double predestination, which means onlysome people are chosen before they are born if they aregoing to go to heaven. I dont agree with this because itis basically saying that there is no salvation for allpeople. Aquinas thought that grace was added to nature and itelevates nature. He wrote the Summa, which demonstrates thebeatific vision. The beatific vision is when the mind isunified to God. Aquinas theology is dualistic whichdisplays natural and supernatural as separate entities. Idont believe in his beatific vision because I believe thatGod allows us to make our own choices out of free will soour mind cannot be unified with Him. Unless I am wrong,this is saying God knows what is going to happen before ithappens. If this is the case why do we have suffering;because God gave us free will. Luther viewed grace through his own view of himself asa sinner. He was so obsessed that he confessed his sinsseven times a day. He said that grace is a favor of God andit heals a persons sinfulness. He said that Jesus wordwas a vehicle of grace and that grace cannot be merited. Ithink his views on grace are not very good only because heviews God as an active member and humans as a passive one. In order to be truly graced I believe that both parties needto be active and involved. Rahner believes that grace is intrinsic to nature andhe also believes in Anonymous Christianity. This theory isthat every person on this Earth is a Christian even if youdo not know it. I dont agree with this theory because,once again God gives everyone free will and this allowspeople to believe the way they want to. Boff says grace is a relationship with the trinity. Iagree with this because it consists of showing love anddevotion to all three persons of our one God. He also saidthat liberation is the key to grace. I some what agree withthis because it is showing God that you are showing yourtotal love for Him, but you must also show love towardsothers because loving your neighbors is also important. Segundo was a Jesuit priest from Uruguay. He was aliberationist who said that the meaning of grace was to loveand you would be free and to be free was to love. I likethe idea behind this concept because it suggests that if youdevote yourself to God he will take care of you and allowyou to have your freedoms. This does not always happen yetit is a good theory. I think in order to be truly graced you have to loveeveryone and expect nothing in return. The reason I saythis is because you should know that God will take care ofyou no matter what. If your neighbors are good people theywill show you love and respect so you need not worry aboutit. I also feel that you need to show love towards thetrinity and be faithful to your faith no matter what it is. If you do these things I believe that you will be graced.
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